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Shark finning refers to the removal and retention of shark fins while the remainder of the shark is discarded in the ocean. Sharks returned to the ocean without their fins are often still alive; unable to move effectively, they sink to the bottom of the ocean and die of suffocation or are eaten by other predators. Shark finning at sea enables fishing vessels to increase profitability and increase the number of sharks harvested, as they only have to store and transport the fins, by far the most profitable part of the shark. Some countries have banned this practice and require the whole shark to be brought back to port before removing the fins. Shark finning increased since 1997 largely due to the increasing demand for shark fins for shark fin soup and traditional cures, particularly in China and its territories, and as a result of improved fishing technology and market economics. The International Union for Conservation of Nature’s Shark Specialist Group say that shark finning is widespread, and that "the rapidly expanding and largely unregulated shark fin trade represents one of the most serious threats to shark populations worldwide". Estimates of the global value of the shark fin trade range from US$540 million〔 to US$1.2 billion (2007).〔 Shark fins are among the most expensive seafood products, commonly retailing at US$400 per kg.〔 In the United States, where finning is prohibited, some buyers regard the whale shark and the basking shark as trophy species, and pay $10,000 to $20,000 for a fin.〔 〕 The regulated global catch of sharks reported to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations has been stable in recent years at an annual average just over 500,000 tonnes. Additional unregulated and unreported catches are thought to be common.〔(The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2014 ) Page 17 and 124, FAO, Rome. ISBN 978-92-5-108275-1.〕 ==Process== Nearly every fin of a shark is targeted for harvest, as highlighted in the diagram. The primary and secondary dorsal fins are removed from the top of the shark, plus its pectoral fins, and, in a single cutting motion, the pelvic fin, anal fin, and bottom portion of its caudal fin, or tail. The term "shark finning" specifically refers to the practice of removing the fins and discarding the carcass ''while still at sea''.〔 The removal of fins ''on land'' during catch processing is ''not'' considered shark finning.〔Fowler, S. & Seret, B. (2010). Shark fins in Europe: implications for reforming the EU finning Ban. (Plymouth and Burnaby, BC: European Elasmobranch Association and IUCN Shark Specialist Group)〕 Because the rest of the shark has little value relative to that of its fins, and because it is much bulkier, the finless and often still-living shark is thrown back into the sea to free space for more fins aboard the vessel.〔 Shark species that are commonly finned are: * Blacktip (''Carcharhinus limbatus'') * Blue (''Prionace glauca'') (a species of requiem shark) * Bull (''Carcharhinus leucas'') * Hammerhead (family Sphyrnidae) * Porbeagle (''Lamna nasus'') (a species of mackerel shark) * Mako (''Isurus oxyrinchus'') * Sandbar (''Carcharhinus plumbeus'') (a species of requiem shark) * Thresher (family Alopiidae) * Tiger (''Galeocerdo cuvier'') (a species of requiem shark) * Great white shark (''Carcharodon carcharias'') 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「shark finning」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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